ABSTRACT
Objective:To construct the database of Tibetan medicine prescriptions for "Gnyan-rims" disease， and to explore the invisible medication law of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of "Gnyan-rims" disease， such as prescription compatibility and combination of drug properties. Method:The prescriptions for treating "Gnyan-rims" were retrieved from four Tibetan medical literatures such as <italic>The Four Medical Tantras</italic>，<italic> Kong-sprul-zin-tig，</italic> <italic>Phyag-rdor-gso-rig-phyogs-bsgrigs</italic> and <italic>Sman-sbyor-lag-len-phyogs-bsgrigs</italic>， and the database was constructed under Python code， and the Apriori algorithm and the vector structure model of taste property flavor transformation were used for analysis. Result:According to the characteristics of Tibetan medicine prescription data， with six fields of prescription name， formula， dosage， efficacy， source and original text as the core， a Tibetan medicine treatment "Gnyan-rims" prescription database with functions of cleaning， searching and exporting was established. A total of 7 602 prescriptions were included in the database， among which 598 prescriptions had therapeutic effects of "Gnyan" and "Rims". The results of compatibility analysis showed that Shexiang， Hezi， Honghua， Mukuer Moyao， Tiebangchui， Tianzhuhuang and Bangga were the most frequently used drugs， while the correlation degrees of Shexiang-Mukuer Moyao， Honghua-Tianzhuhuang， Shexiang-Hezi and Shexiang-Tiebangchui were the strongest， and all the drug composition of Wuwei Shexiang pills appeared in the top ten correlations. According to the property analysis of 40 prescriptions containing high-frequency drugs， 19 prescriptions were found to have excessive bitter taste， followed by 9 prescriptions such as Sanchen powders with excessive sweetish taste， and the ratios of sweetish and bitter tastes in six tastes were >35%. The total of sweetish and bitter prescriptions accounted for 70% of the total prescriptions. Among the three flavors， the bitter flavor was the most abundant. The cool effect， dull effect and heavy effect were prominent among the seventeen effects. Conclusion:The prescription database of Tibetan medicine for "Gnyan-rims" can promote the high-quality development of research on prevention and treatment of plague with ethnic medicine. Tibetan medicine treatment of "Gnyan-rims" focuses on the composition of Wuwei Shexiang pills， with the property combination of "cool-bitter and sweet-bitter flavor-cool， dull and heavy"， which mainly treats diseases such as "heat sharp light-mkhris pa-heat". These studies can provide data basis and theoretical reference for the selection of Tibetan medicine prescription and its composition for treating plague.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the resources and medicinal use of Tibetan medicine Codonopsis canescens，analyze its suitable habitat，and protect its wild resources，in order to provide an important reference basis for further rational development and utilization. Method:Combined investigation methods of literature textual research，visiting investigation and on-the-spot investigation were adopted. Result:In this paper，we investigated the resources and medicinal use of C. canescens in 27 cities and counties of Sichuan，Qinghai and Tibet. Compared with historical records of C. canescens，the results showed that there was no obvious change in the distribution range，and the distribution was uneven in different places. Ganzi Prefecture， Sichuan， boasts rich resources； in particular， Luhuo county has as high as 90-120 plants/100 m2， it is estimated that the reserves per unit area of root C. canescens in this area were 3 445.32 g·m-2，which totaled 1 279.18 ton（1 ton=1 000 kg）. In history，the root is the main medicinal part. However， in recent years，in order to protect resources，the aboveground part is frequently used. The clinical efficacy of Tibetan medicine is mainly to tonify Qi and activate blood circulation. It can be combined with other drugs to treat rheumatism，sores，furuncle，carbuncle and other diseases. However，the plants of Codonopsis are mixed with C. canescens in each Tibetan area，and the mixed varieties are determined according to the growing varieties of the same genus in this area. Conclusion:The reserves of wild resources of C. canescens are decreasing with the increase of clinical use and market demand of Tibetan medicine. There is serious mixture of Codonopsis plants in Tibetan areas. It is suggested paying attention to resource protection，carrying out artificial planting，establishing the standard for the medicinal use of Tibetan medicine，and promote rational and sustainable utilization of resources.
ABSTRACT
To explore the medication regularity of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, analyze the potential drug targets and interactions of the prescriptions, and reveal the mechanism of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. The prescriptions in Tibetan medicine for treatment of spleen and stomach diseases were collected, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was used to analyze the association rules between the herbs and discover the core herbs and new prescriptions. The integrated pharmacology platform V1.0 software was used to construct "herb-compound-target" network and investigate the interactions between various herbs and related pathways of Tibetan medicine Wuwei Shiliu powder in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. Among the 216 prescriptions of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, pomegranate seed was used at a highest frequency (118 times), followed by white cardamom (107 times) and comatose (107 times). 12 new prescriptions were evolved by using the association rules (support>=34%, confidence>=0.85). 5 242 related drug targets and 20 related pathways were obtained from classic formula Wuwei Shiliu Powder (FDR<0.01). It was proposed that Tibetan medicine treatment for spleen and stomach diseases was mainly based on proliferation of "stomach fire" and the main drugs were for regulating Qi-flowing for strengthening spleen. The mechanism may be associated with regulation of digestive juice secretion, proton pump, mitochondria, regulation of intestinal digestion and immunity, the body's immunity to microorganisms function and other multiple targets and pathways to achieve the joint intervention.
ABSTRACT
Fecal Tibetan medicines have a long history of application in China, with a good clinical efficacy. In order to promote the development and modernization of these medicines, we consulted ancient and modern Tibetan medicine literatures to collect and summarize the names, original species, natures, flavor, functions and processing methods of fecal Tibetan medicines. A total of 35 fecal Tibetan medicines were collected, such as Jiufen, Heibingpian, Langfen, Mafen, Goufen, Gezifen. The most commonly used medicines were Jiufen and Heibingpian. Both were mainly used for the treatment of indigestion, food abdominal distension, gastric ulcer, and other gastrointestinal diseases. At present, there are only a few studies on the active ingredients, pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action of these medicines. Therefore, further study shall be conducted. The regulation of gut microbiota may be a new way to evaluate the effectiveness of fecal Tibetan medicines and their mechanism of action.